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Signs of PCOS, and what to ask your doctor
The common signs of polycystic ovary syndrome, how PCOS is diagnosed, the tests your doctor may suggest, and what you can do day to day.
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Signs of PCOS, and what to ask your doctor
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormone condition. Its main signs are irregular or missed periods, signs of higher androgens such as acne or extra facial and body hair, and, on ultrasound, many small follicles on the ovaries. Only a doctor can diagnose PCOS, usually from your cycle history, an exam, blood tests and sometimes an ultrasound.
Written by the Gyne team · Medical review: pending
Key takeaways
- PCOS is one of the most common hormone conditions in women of reproductive age.
- Irregular periods, acne and extra hair growth are the most common signs.
- Diagnosis usually needs two of three: irregular ovulation, high androgens, polycystic ovaries.
- Clear records of your cycles and symptoms make the doctor visit more useful.
What are the common signs of PCOS?
Signs often start around the late teens or early twenties, but they can appear at any age. They include:
- Irregular, infrequent or missed periods.
- Acne, or oily skin.
- Extra hair on the face, chest, back or belly (hirsutism).
- Thinning hair or hair loss on the head.
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight.
- Darker, velvety patches of skin, often on the neck or in skin folds.
- Difficulty getting pregnant.
How is PCOS diagnosed?
Doctors commonly diagnose PCOS when you have at least two of these three: irregular or absent ovulation, signs or blood tests showing higher androgens, and many follicles on the ovaries on an ultrasound. Other causes, such as thyroid problems or high prolactin, are ruled out first.
Your doctor may suggest blood tests for hormones such as testosterone, and tests for thyroid function, prolactin, blood sugar and cholesterol.
Why does PCOS matter for long-term health?
PCOS is linked with insulin resistance, a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, sleep apnea, and mood problems such as anxiety and depression. That's why ongoing check-ups matter, even when periods aren't the main worry.
What helps day to day?
Your doctor will talk with you about options that fit your goals, such as regular cycles, clearer skin or getting pregnant. Regular movement, balanced meals, good sleep and managing stress can help many symptoms. Even a small weight change can improve cycles for some people, but PCOS isn't caused by a lack of willpower.
When to see a doctor
- Your periods are irregular, very far apart, or have stopped.
- You have acne, extra hair growth or hair loss that's new or getting worse.
- You've been trying to get pregnant without success.
- You notice dark, velvety skin patches, or have signs of high blood sugar like strong thirst.
How Gyne helps
Gyne asks a few PCOS screening questions and, if your logs show the pattern, lists the tests to ask your doctor about and builds a report. After a diagnosis, PCOS mode adds a weekly plan and predictions that fit longer cycles.
PCOSThis guide is general information, not medical advice. Only a doctor can diagnose a condition.